From Conservation Camp to Prison Complex:
A History of the Arizona State Prison-Safford
by Mel Taylor
Mel Taylor is a physical plant supervisor II at
ASPC Safford. He has been with the Department for more than 23
years. Mel is a member of the Graham County Historical Society's
Board of Directors and because of his extensive knowledge of ASPC-Safford
was asked to write a paper on the facility and present it at the
organization's symposium. He has also written other historical
papers on the American pioneer origins of his family. As a
continuing series, we will be featuring articles detailing the
history of ADC's prisons written by employees.
The Arizona Department of Corrections' first
Director, Allen Cook, in 1968, had a vision of using conservation
camps as prisons. He imagined building these small prison camps
throughout Arizona in order to enable inmates to work for
governmental entities such as the Forest Service. The work would
consist of firefighting, trail building, camp site clearing, or
other work needed on public lands.
For decades the Arizona State Prison at Florence
site had operated as a somewhat self-contained facility where
inmates grew and harvested their own food. The new concept of
Conservation Centers received a mixed review. During President
Johnson's administration, his social services program to combat
poverty included building numerous Job Corps Centers throughout the
United States. One such center was located in Kingman.
After the Job Corps program was ended by the
federal government, the facilities and equipment were given to the
states. ADC contacted the authorities in Kingman, (Mohave County) to
present the idea of using a Job Corps Center as a new prison. It was
rejected. The Department went from county to county unsuccessfully
looking for a new prison site until Graham County accepted, and the
wheels of government began to turn,
Site selection in Graham County was easy, since
during the 1930s a WPA camp had been located 10 miles east of
Safford in the San Jose area. This 160-acre site spanned the Gibson
Wash and was land locked from the old Duncan Highway. The work began
in 1970, when seven employees and 12 inmates were selected to move
the mobile structures from Kingman to Safford. The inmates became
known as the Dirty Dozen and the new site became known as the Hill.
The new prison was named the Safford Conservation Center (SCC) with
Jerry Sylvia as the first superintendent. Inmates were first
assigned to construct and maintain the camp, and in season, to man
fire fighting crews. Each fire crew consisted of twelve inmates, one
officer , a bus and equipment. On a moment's notice the crews were
sent to different parts of the state to fight fires.
By September 1971, the population had grown to
about 40 inmates and Earl Dowdle had taken the helm, as
superintendent.
A community work program was begun, and each day
the officers would transport inmates into the surrounding community
and release them to civilian supervisors. Any tax supported entity
could use the inmate laborers at a reduced wage. The fire crews
continued to function in season, and soon the inmate population
reached a total of 160, with 120 of them working in the community.
To make work available for the inmates, the superintendent formed a
salvage crew who worked at properties removing structures for the
salvaged material. In 1972,this salvage crew was sent to Mt. Lemmon
near Tucson. The inmates dismantled a steel building belonging to
the Air Force. It was brought to SCC where it was erected as the
first permanent structure at the prison camp, and served as a
vehicle repair shop. This program existed well into the 1990s
During the summer months, the SCC maintained a
camp on Mount Graham where a 20-man crew worked for the Forest
Service cleaning up the trails and campsites. The camp disbanded
after the buildings collapsed under a heavy snow load during the
1970s The salvage crew cleaned up the mess. In 1976, the state
funded the construction of a new 48-bed dormitory to replace the
unit that had burned five years earlier. This was the first
structure that was designed by an architect and built with inmate
labor at the Safford site. It was known as Dorm4. This was a turning
point for the Safford Conservation Center, as it evolved from a
temporary camp of mobile units to a permanent prison site.
In 1977, a report known as the Carter Report,
recommended that the population at SCC be increased to 288 beds. In
1978 and1979, two more 64-bed dorms were constructed using inmate
labor and an outside contractor, ensuring that the prison remain at
the site. The1980s began with an increase in construction, including
the addition of a new dining and kitchen Facility. At the same time,
the state closed the Alpine Conservation Center, and because it had
been built on Forest Service land, the buildings had to be removed.
For the next two years the salvage crews worked on the juvenile
facility removing all traces of its existence. On the other end,
construction crews assembled structures such as the new gym,
education building, visiting center and maintenance building. In
1982, the prison bed shortage became acute and a Tent Unit was
erected to house some of the overflow population. The tents helped,
but were destroyed in a violent storm. You might say they were "Gone
with the Wind." To replace the tents, three Quonset huts were
assembled and considered temporary housing units 12 years later they
are still in use.
During the remainder of the decade, the Safford
facility experienced growth and change in many ways. The name of the
facility was changed from the Safford Conservation Center to the
Arizona State Prison-Safford. Structural changes and improvements
included the construction of a third dorm, the installation of an
eight-foot fence around the entire prison, the addition of a new
Quonset dorm, and the construction of two more 48-bed dorms. This
was called the "Quick Build" construction project, done for the
first time by an outside contractor, and ending the housing of
inmates in mobile type structures. The population now stood at 481.
The decade of the nineties was a time of immense
change and more growth. Longtime Warden Dowdle retired and was
replaced by a new warden, Bill Gotcher. Tonto Unit, a new250-bed
Level 3 Unit was built, the existing Level 2 facility was renamed
Graham, and the entire site was renamed Arizona State Prison
Complex-Safford.
In 1994 and 1995, more beds were added to the
complex through remodeling of the Quonset dorms, double-bunking, and
tent housing in the Graham Unit. A changing face of the prison
population led to a disturbance in the summer of1995 in which most
of the tent beds, as well as some of the support buildings were
destroyed by a fire set by inmates. However, their actions proved
meaningless. The burned tents were immediately replaced with ten
more tents at the Tonto Unit and ten tents at the Graham unit. For
the first time the Complex housed over 1,000 inmates.
In 1996, four of the dorms in the Graham Unit
were remodeled to add 71 new beds. Warden Gotcher retired and was
replaced by Warden Melvin Thomas. The Complex now houses 1,097
inmates and employs 270 people.
To this day, the tradition of providing inmate
work crews to neighboring agencies continues. What was a small
conservation center, is now the ASPC Safford, putting inmates to
work each day on government projects, and saving taxpayers millions
annually.
